我國優秀職業網球選手壓力管理策略之分析

Abstract

本研究目的旨在探討我國優秀職業網球選手，因應比賽壓力的方法、策略及其成效。透過深入訪談法，記錄選手們平時訓練、比賽前與比賽中的經歷與體驗而進行問題的探討。本研究對象在三年內(2006-2008年)，實際參與ITF、WTA或ATP職業網球賽之十名選手(男子五名、女子五名)，訪談時間約60分鐘。研究所得資料經分析及歸類後發現：我國優秀職業網球選手平時的壓力來源主要有贊助廠商的資助及無法突破自己的成績等，比賽前的壓力來源主要有自己的狀況無法達到巔峰、本次賽事的重要性及職業積分與排名等，比賽中的壓力來源主要有裁判的判決、對手狀況好、自己狀況不好以及獎金的多寡等。而選手在面臨壓力時所採取的因應策略主要有自我對話、深呼吸、正面思考及放慢節奏等因應策略。在面對高競爭壓力下的職業網球選手，不僅要為自己的成績打拼，更背負著國人的期待。因此，有系統、有方法的心理技能訓練課程確實是不可或缺的成功關鍵。期待教練們能夠提供這方面的支援與協助，使未來進軍國際網壇的選手們能排除壓力，勇往直前。The purpose of this study was to discuss the stress management and coping strategy of the elite professional tennis players in Taiwan. Through depth interview, I recorded the experience of the players when they were in training, pregame, and during competition period, and then discuss the findings after all. The subjects of this study were 10 players (5 males and 5 females) who took parts in ITF, WTA or ATP professional tennis tournaments in 2006-2008. The duration of the depth interview was about 60 minutes. The findings are as following: The main sources of stress which our elite tennis players have are sponsorship and not being able to break their own record. The sources of stress pregame are their poor condition, the importance of the game and their ranking. The sources of stress during competition are the umpires’ judgement, the opponents, their self-condition and the amount of prize money. However, the coping strategies of the players when they faced stress were self-talking, positive thinking, and to slow down their rhythm. The professional tennis players always deal with competitiveness, they don’t fight only for their own record, and they also bear the expectation of compatriots. Therefore, a systematic and methodic psychological technique training program is the key to success. I hope that coaches can supply such program to the players when they enter the international tennis world, and encourage them to release their stress.