運用臺灣民間故事之自學式閲讀教材設計——以韓國高級華語學習者為對象

Abstract

隨著在韓國學習華語的趨勢日漸增加，學習者不再滿足於日常交際溝通，進而渴望能夠深入理解華人社會的全貌。但目前在韓國出版的大部分華語教材以初級會話爲主，而高級階段的閲讀教材較少。此外，教材内容大部分反映中國社會，提及臺灣文化的幾乎沒有。本研究嘗試設計以「臺灣民間故事」作爲課文的閱讀教材。對於高級階段學習者來說，閱讀是必須掌握的重要技能。在閱讀教材中，課文質量決定教材的優劣，民間故事不僅能夠展現目標語文化，而且能夠充分引起學習者的興趣。首先，透過文獻回顧歸納出華語閲讀理論與自學式閲讀教材應如何編寫，並分析三本韓國暢銷高級閲讀教材的利弊之處，來探索本教材的編寫原則。其次，在「基模理論(schema Theory)」的基礎上，按照閲讀前(pre-reading)、閲讀中(while reading)以及閱讀後(post-reading)的閲讀過程，設計針對韓國高級華語學習者之自學式閲讀教材。最後，以評估問卷調查蒐集韓國學習者使用該教材的回饋，探討民間故事應用於自學式閲讀教材的可行性。根據調查結果，學習者對「練習」、「語法解釋」、「教材形式」方面的項目給予肯定，而且學習者認爲以蘊含臺灣文化的民間故事爲素材是優點。但評估結果顯示，學習者在實際使用上對於臺灣文化内容多少感到有些陌生。因此建議透過強調民間故事的故事性，少強調文化性，來解決因文化內容不熟悉而覺得課文難懂的問題。

As the trend of learning Chinese in Korea increases, learners are not only satisfied with everyday communication, but are further eager to deeply understand the whole Chinese society. However, most of the Chinese language materials currently published in Korea focus on beginner conversations, and there are few advanced-level materials. Also, most of them reflect Chinese society and rarely mention Taiwanese culture. This study intends to design a reading material using “Taiwan folktale” as the text. For advanced learners, “Reading” is a very important skill that should be mastered. Within reading materials, the quality of the text determines their superiority and inferiority, and folktales not only can show the target language culture, but also can arouse learners' interest. First, through literature review, this research is to summarize Chinese reading theory and how to write self-instructional reading materials, and analyze three best-selling advanced reading materials in Korea, seek out the principle of writing materials in this study. Next, based on “Schema Theory”, according to the reading process pre-reading, while reading and post-reading, design self-instructional reading materials for advanced Korean Chinese learners. Finally, through the evaluation survey, the feedback is collected from Korean learners who have used this textbook; and discuss of the feasibility of using folktales in self-instructional reading materials. According to the survey results, learners positively evaluated “practice”, “grammatical interpretation” and “textbook format”, in addition, learners thought that use folktales containing Taiwanese culture as the subject was an advantage. However, the evaluation results show that Korean learners felt somewhat unfamiliar with Taiwanese cultural content in practical use. Therefore, it is recommended to emphasize the narrative nature of folktales and focus less on the cultural nature to solve the issues causing the failure of comprehension due to unfamiliar cultural content.