1960年代菲律賓華僑來臺投資保險業之研究----以施性水及楊應琳為例

Abstract

本文聚焦在1960 年初政府鼓勵華僑回國投資的政策形成原因，並以菲律賓 華僑施性水來臺投資保險業為案例，綜合剖析各項人事時空背景及相關配合條 件。 無論個人或法人投資，按現在一般的觀念，無非是將資本投入在有獲利性的 環境及標的上；而吸收資金的一方，則是因為自身資金不足而需要更多資金的投 入。其投資標的的未來報酬則為其吸引力，除此之外，也必須提供資金的安全性 及進出的便利性等相關要素。 二戰後，菲律賓華僑在僑居地受到菲化政策影響，經濟上的歧視致使華僑商 業資金徬徨歧途，而造成大筆資金流向海外。而時值冷戰期間，政府自1949 年 播遷來臺後，一直到1960 年初，位處臺灣一小島的中華民國政府其反攻復國的 政治目標以及謀求自立的經濟要務，在在都需要利用海外華僑的支持與資金投 入，而此支持及資金投入二者可謂互為表裏；因此在吸引華僑資金的同時，對政 府當局而言，投資人其政治背景必然是一個關鍵因素。 筆者擬探討以菲律賓華僑施性水、楊應琳等來臺投資華僑產物及華僑人壽此 一個案，綜合性地將各項如政府與華僑的關係、華僑與僑居國的關係、臺灣當時 之政經情況、與投資環境條件等影響投資的變數一一列出，試以呈現此一投資案 當時所代表的意義及對後來的若干影響。

In the early 1960’s, the ROC government adopted a policy of actively encouraging overseas Chinese to invest in Taiwan. This paper explores the formation of this policy, and, through a detailed case study of Shi Xingshui, a Chinese resident of the Philippines and an investor in Taiwan’s insurance industry, comprehensively analyzes the historical background and contemporary conditions relevant to his case. An act of financial investment, whether by individuals or corporations, is at its root the commitment of funds to a potentially profitable field. The investees, conversely, accept these funds because they lack sufficient capital of their own. Further, an attractive investment opportunity must offer not only the promise of future rewards, but also some guarantee of safe and convenient transfer of funds. After World War II, discriminatory economic policies adopted in the Philippines placed severe restrictions on Chinese investors, leaving them confused and adrift. They responded by taking their considerable capital elsewhere, causing a significant outflow of wealth from the Philippines. Concurrent with the cold war period, from its retreat in 1949 until the economic reforms of the early 1960’s, the ROC government was located on the small island of Taiwan. Its two main projects during this time were preparation for the eventual overthrow of the communist government and a subsequent return to mainland China, and, as a prerequisite, the establishment of economic independence. These projects required both the moral support and the financial investment of overseas Chinese; in fact these two kinds of support can be seen as the inseparable public and private faces of a single motivation. Therefore, at the same time thatthe ROC government sought to attract investments, it also investigated the political background of potential investors. In order to investigate these events in depth, this paper offers a case study of Shi Xingshui as a representative example of a Chinese resident of the Philippines who chose to invest in Taiwan’s insurance industry, along with a comprehensive examination of the various factors that made this investment both possible and desirable, including the relationships between overseas Chinese and the ROC government and between overseas Chinese and their countries of residence, as well as the political and economic climate in Taiwan at the time. Finally, the author hopes to suggest the historical significance and later influence of Shi Xingshui’s case.