美援對師大的教育援助(1952-1962)

Abstract

國立臺灣師範大學是我國重要的中等師資培育機構之一，而在1952至1962年間，美援對於師大的校務發展史上扮演了重要的角色，提供超過美金52萬3,000元及新臺幣6,113萬5,000元的援助，協助推動師大的校園基礎建設和學術單位發展。根據行政院國際經濟合作發展委員會的報告，美援在臺灣進行了八項教育援助計畫，其中師大在工業教育、家政教育、僑生教育、科學教育、師資教育和社會教育計畫等五項計畫中扮演了重要角色，顯示師大在美援教育計畫中占有重要地位。本文旨在探討美援援助時期的背景，以及當時臺灣經濟發展、人力資源規劃和師大的歷史發展，並分析美援在師大推行的工業教育、家政教育、僑生教育、科學教育、社會教育等計畫所取得的成效和教育影響。本文的文獻採用美援運用委員會、行政院國際經濟合作發展委員會的檔案報告，以及各公部門機關的檔案和公文進行資料梳理和分析。研究發現，美援首先協助師大在1950至1960年代興建校園設施及教學資源的援助；其次引進工業教育與家政教育學科，並與美國賓州州立大學合作，協助師大成立工業教育學系和家政系（現今幼兒與家庭科學學系），促進了我國工業教育和家庭與幼兒教育領域的發展；再者協助政府推動僑生教育政策，培育海外華僑來臺就讀大學；最後成立中等教師在職訓練中心及運用視聽教育改善教師教學方法。National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) is one of the essential institutions for secondary teacher education in Taiwan. During the period from 1952 to 1962, the United States Aid played a crucial role in the developmental history of NTNU, providing substantial assistance amounting to over USD 523,000 and TWD 61,135,000. This aid contributed to the advancement of NTNU's campus infrastructure and the development of its academic units. According to the report of the International Economic Cooperation and Development Committee of the Executive Yuan, the United States Aid carried out eight educational assistance programs in Taiwan, and NTNU played a crucial role in five of these programs, including industrial education, home economics education, overseas Chinese student education, science education, and teacher education, and highlighted NTNU's significant position in the United States Aid educational initiatives.This study aims to explore the background of the United States Aid period, Taiwan's economic development, human resources planning, and the historical evolution of NTNU. Furthermore, it analyzes the achievements and educational impact of the United States Aid's implementation of various programs, such as industrial education, home economics education, overseas Chinese student education, science education, and social education at NTNU. The literature sources used in this study include official archives reports from the United States Aid Utilization Committee, the International Economic Cooperation and Development Committee of the Executive Yuan, as well as data organization and analysis of archival documents from various government agencies.The main findings By this study indicate that first government’s the United States Aid assisted NTNU in the construction of campus facilities and the provision of teaching resources from the 1950s to the 1960s. Secondly, it introduced the disciplines of industrial education and home economics education, collaborated with Pennsylvania State University to assist in the establishment of the Department of Industrial Education and the Department of Home Economics (now Department of Child and Family Science), thus promoted the development of industrial education and the field of family and early childhood education in our country. Furthermore, it supported the government's policy on overseas Chinese student education, cultivated overseas Chinese students to study at universities in Taiwan. Finally, it established an in-service training center for secondary school teachers and utilized audio-visual education to improve teaching methods for teachers.