漫畫的智慧財產權經營模式

Abstract

臺灣漫畫經歷過兩次斷層，早在戒嚴時期已有描圖抄襲日本漫畫，後來更是直接盜版送審，解嚴後幾年日本漫畫轉為正版授權，同時臺灣漫畫也曾經短暫的再興，但始終不敵市場的選擇而沒落。近年因為政府挹注資金的輔導相較過去為準確，臺灣漫畫似乎頗有大展拳腳之勢，雖然進境仍緩慢，但確實有在前進，可是在2021年3月出現漫畫政策風波，讓相關從業人員與關心的讀者感到不安，這不禁讓人猶疑，依賴政府的產業經營是否可靠穩定？國外有許多世界級、現象級名作，早已不再是以單純賣書為導向，而是有效利用智慧財產權的經營方式來獲得各種成功與收益，臺灣漫畫能否同樣以此做出有別於過去的路線，做出一番新氣象，甚至有朝一日構築臺灣漫畫真正的相關產業鏈呢？現在時代各種新科技與新知識瞬息萬變，臺灣漫畫能否跟上這股潮流做出突破性發展？這都是十分急迫，並且需要觀察的課題。本研究以立意抽樣的方式，訪問少數經營漫畫有成的5位專業人士，以他們自身的經驗來談對於漫畫的智慧財產權經營，以及各自對於政府漫畫政策的看法，研究者再依受訪者的觀點，最終分析建構出「漫畫的智慧財產權經營模式」的模型，並且針對臺灣漫畫的未來提出建議。我們必須明白，漫畫既然要成為商品，進入市場競爭只會是必然之事，要有效建構漫畫的體質改善，不能單純倚靠「短期」資金挹注，即使有政府「長期」資金的補助，如果不是面對消費者、市場的需求，勢必難以長久延續，現在疫情時代出現各種超乎想像的變化，如能找出一個全新或著說是更優化的經營模式，並與新科技與新概念做出連結，就有可能發揮出與別不同的新表現，即使對立面是不看漫畫的族群，才可能以此傳達漫畫的新價值與魅力給對方，為了永續經營，求新求變才是硬道理，臺灣漫畫的經營才會有一個新的可能性。Taiwanese comics have experienced two periods of breakdowns in the past. In the era while Taiwan was under Martial Law, many homegrown comic books were copied from Japan. In the years after Martial Law ended, the official import of licensed Japanese comics also kicked off a brief renaissance period for Taiwan comic creators. But the demand of Taiwanese comics eventually fell out of favor and went into a decline due to its inability to compete with the rapidly growing number of Japanese comic titles surging in the market. In recent years with more clear-cut support and funding from the government, despite being a slow progress, Taiwanese comics has indeed been moving forward with great strides. However, the comics policy controversy that occurred in March of 2021 has caused anxiety and concerns among creators and readers, which makes many wonder whether relying on government sustenance is truly a reliable option for the development of Taiwanese comics. There are many world-class and popular comic works overseas that are no longer oriented towards just the sale of books alone, but have effectively utilized intellectual property rights to achieve various successes and profits. With all the new technologies and rapid exchange of information, can Taiwanese comics keep up with these trends and make a breakthrough? These are urgent issues that need to be observed and analyzed. In this study, several successful comics professionals were interviewed to discuss their own experiences on intellectual property rights and government policies toward comic books. Based on the respondents’ views, the researcher constructed an “intellectual property management model for comics” as a proposition for the future of Taiwanese comics. We must understand that since comics are to become a commodity, it is inevitable that these are products that will enter into the global market to compete. Even with “long-term” government funding, it would be difficult to sustain if we do not meet the needs of the consumers. The epidemic era has set off various unprecedented changes, so we should utilize a newer approach or better business models to help connect with new concepts and technologies. To bring about a possible game changer not just in establishing a rock steady industry but with the abilities to attract even those who do not read comic books.