生態博物館對社區總體營造的影響： 以烏來泰雅民族博物館為例

Abstract

新北市烏來區泰雅民族博物館於2005年正式成立，開館初期期許朝向「生態博物館」營運模式，除了具備展示、典藏、研究以及教育的功能，也期望透過一種可參與的學習空間，從主體的文化展示過程理解泰雅族文化的價值觀、文化與認同變遷，以及透過館方的文化再現了解民族博物館展示的意義與實踐文化的意涵。本研究期望能夠透過生態博物館之理念與構想，了解泰雅民族博物館對於部落整體發展及總體營造的影響，並從生態博物館之觀點檢視博物館之理念與目標的實踐。 本研究結合生態博物館之觀點以及社區總體營造分析要素，主要從資源整合面向、文化認同面向、社區參與面向三大面向進行深入研究，研究方法為文獻分析法及深度訪談法。研究結果發現，從烏來泰雅民族博物館經營現況分析，單一主體博物館的經營管理模式及博物館之人力組織品質與制度管理的變動性限制了文化主體性的呈現與連結，對於博物館與部落及社會的資源連結與互動也較不易整合；另從文化認同與部落互動參與層面深入了解，博物館與在地部落與組織的連結度較微弱，對於博物館本身在地的參與度及文化教育推廣成效有限。本研究針對研究結論提出相關建議，予以提供未來博物館經營發展之參考。Opened in 2005 in New Taipei City, Wulai Atayal Museum (WAM) has been working on adapting the philosophy of ecomuseum. Besides the traditional functions of museums, including display, preservation, research and education, WAM seeks to provide an interactive learning environment where people could understand the changes in Atayal values, culture and self-identity through displaying the historical and cultural heritage of the Atayal tribe. WAM also seeks to show people the meaning of an ethnographic museum and cultural practice through cultural representation. This thesis evaluates WAM’s influence on the development of Atayal tribe and the community empowerment based on the philosophy of ecomuseum, and further explores the concepts and purposes of museums from the perspective of ecomuseum. This thesis employs documentary analysis and involves an in-depth interview to discuss three topics in ecomuseum’s influence on the community empowerment: resources integration, cultural identity and community participation. After analyzing the operational performance of WAM, this thesis found out that the operational model of museums with single entity, the quality management of human resources and the instability of management system has prevented WAM from presenting the cultural subjectivity and interacting and sharing resources with local tribe and the community. The weak ties between WAM and the local tribe and organizations have confined the museum’s attempt to participate in community affairs and to promote cultural education. Suggestions based on research results are provided in the conclusion for future museum operations and development.