大學生憂鬱情緒、自尊、污名化、自我揭露與求助態度之關係

Abstract

本研究旨在探討大學生「憂鬱情緒」、「自尊」、「揭露預期效益」、「揭露預期風險」、「求助社會污名」、「求助自我污名」等求助內在知覺與「求助態度」之間的關係。並探討 (1)不同性別在各變項之間差異的情形 (2)各變項對「求助態度」分別具有預測力 (3)「自尊」在「憂鬱情緒」與求助內在知覺各變項是否扮演中介角色 (4) 求助內在知覺各變項在「自尊」與「求助態度」是否扮演中介角色 (5)不同性別在「憂鬱情緒」、「自尊」與求助內在知覺各變項對「求助態度」路徑的差異。 以東台灣與北台灣之公私立666位大學生為受測對象，進行問卷調查。研究工具包含自尊量表(SES)、流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表(CES-D)、求助社會污名量表（SSRPH）、求助自我污名量表(SSOSH)、求助態度量表(ATSPPH-SF)與揭露預期量表(DES)等六部份。 研究結果如下：(1)不同性別的大學生只在「揭露預期風險」、「揭露預期效益」、「求助態度」有顯著差異；在「自尊」、「憂鬱情緒」、「求助社會污名」、「求助自我污名」沒有顯著差異 (2)「憂鬱情緒」、「自尊」、「維持自我信心」、「減低自我感」與「揭露預期效益」對「求助態度」分別具有預測力 (3)「自尊」在「憂鬱情緒」與求助內在知覺的「揭露預期效益」、「揭露預期風險」、「求助自我污名化」扮演中介角色 (4) 求助內在知覺的「揭露預期效益」、「揭露預期風險」、「求助社會污名化」「求助自我污名化」在「自尊」與「求助態度」扮演中介角色 (5) 不同性別在「憂鬱情緒」、「自尊」與求助內在知覺的各變項對「求助態度」的影響路徑不同。並提出具體建議，以作為教育、輔導人員及未來研究者的參考。This present study aims to explore the relationships between help-seeking attitudes and internal perceptions, i.e., depression, self-esteem, anticipated risk/benefit of self-disclosure, social stigma, and self-stigma, in college students in Taiwan. Specifically, this study examined (1) gender differences in the variables, (2) the predictive power of each predictors in help-seeking attitudes, (3) the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between depression and internal perceptions, (4) the mediating effect of internal perceptions on the relationship between depression and self-esteem, and (5) to explore the difference path way of gender on the relationships among depression, self-esteem and internal perceptions how to relate their help-seeking attitudes. Measurements of all the variables were administered to 666 students from private and public colleges in eastern and northern Taiwan. The scales used included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression ( CES-D ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help ( SSOSH ), Social Stigma for Seeking Psychological Help scale ( SSRPH ), Disclosure Expectations Scale ( DES ), and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form ( ATSPPH-SF ). The major findings of this study are: (1) there were significant gender differences in anticipated risk/benefit of self-disclosure, and help-seeking attitudes; no gender difference was found for depression, self-esteem, social stigma and self-stigma; (2) depression, self-esteem, self-stigma (include maintaining self-confidence and decreasing self-efficacy) and anticipated benefit of self-disclosure are significant predictors of help-seeking attitudes; (3) self-esteem significantly mediated the effect of depression on anticipated risk/benefit of self-disclosure, and self-stigma; (4) anticipated risk/benefit of self-disclosure, social stigma, and self-stigma mediated the effect of self-esteem on help-seeking attitudes; (5) gender difference was found there were discriminate path way on the relationships among depression, self-esteem and internal perceptions to relate their help-seeking attitudes. Implications of the findings for educators, counselors and future research were discussed.