臺北市國中生依附關係、求助態度與復原力之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究不同背景變項的國中生在依附關係、求助態度及復原力的差異情形，同時探討依附、求助態度及復原力間的關係。研究者以分層隨機的方式由臺北市12行政區各選取一所國中，每校各年級再各抽取一個班級作為研究對象，以問卷調查法進行資料收集，得到的有效樣本共995名。 本研究所使用的研究工具包括：「國中生依附關係量表」、「求助態度量表」及「青少年復原力量表」。調查所得資料，以t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析以及簡單迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。主要研究結果如下： 1.國中生的依附情形不因性別不同而有差異；但在年級上，則大致上是低年級優於高年級，其餘則是沒有差異。 2.國中生的整體求助態度不因性別、年級不同而有差異，然女生在「承認輔導的必要」及「信任輔導者的程度」這兩部分的態度則是明顯比男生正向的。 3.過去求助經驗為正向者，其求助態度明顯比求助經驗為普通者更為積極。 4.不同性別、年級的國中生在復原力的整體表現上沒有差異。 5.國中生的依附情形、求助態度與復原力間呈現正相關。 6.國中生的依附情形及求助態度可有效預測復原力。 最後研究者將研究發現歸納成結論，並根據研究結果提出具體建議，期能供國中輔導人員及未來的研究者作為教學及研究的參考。

This study aimed to investigate the difference of attachment relationship, help-seeking attitudes and resilience of adolescents in different demographic variables. This study used stratified cluster sampling and selected one class from each grade in junior high schools from 12 districts in Taipei city. The methodology of data collection was survey method based on 995 valid samples. The research instruments of this study included Inventory of Parent Attachment, Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, and The Scale of Resilience. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. Main findings of this research are as follows: 1.Attachment relationship shows no difference among adolescents of different genders. Nevertheless significant difference of the attachment relationship appears in adolescents of different grades. The study shows the surveyed students of lower grades have better attachment relationship than those of higher grades. 2.Help-seeking attitudes shows no difference among adolescents of different genders and grades; nevertheless the surveyed girls show more positive response toward acknowledging the necessity of counseling and trusting the counselors. 3.Those students who previously had positive experiences of help-seeking hold a more positive attitude toward help-seeking than those who previously had neutral ones. 4.Resilience shows no difference among the surveyed adolescents of different genders and grades. 5.A positive correlation is shown among attachment relationship, help-seeking attitudes and resilience in adolescents. 6.Attachment relationship and help-seeking attitudes significantly predict resilience of adolescents. In the end of this study, the researcher concludes the findings and offers substantial suggestions for adolescent counselors and future researchers for the sake of teaching and research.