高中生的幸福感、生涯自我效能和父母教養態度的相關研究

Abstract

本研究目的在探討不同背景變項之高中生在幸福感、生涯自我效能與父母教養態度間的差異與關係。研究過程採用普查的方法，針對新北市國立華僑實驗高級中學高中部二年級全體學生（不含體育班），有效樣本共474人。研究工具包括「幸福感量表」、「生涯自我效能量表」與「父母教養態度量表」。所得資料以描述統計、獨立樣本T 檢定、單因子多變項變異數分析、典型相關分析與多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。研究結果如下：

一、高中生所知覺之父母教養態度以「母親-要求」為最佳，「父親-反應」為最差。高中生所知覺之生涯自我效能以「自我評估」、「解決問題」最佳，「目標選擇」最差。高中生所知覺之幸福感趨向正向態度。 二、高中生所知覺的父母親教養態度，因性別、國籍、父親社經地位等背景變項不同而有顯著差異存在。 三、高中生所知覺的生涯自我效能，因性別、就讀組別、國籍、父親社經地位等背景變項不同而有顯著差異存在，但不因母親社經地位或教育程度變項不同而有顯著差異存在。 四、高中生所知覺得幸福感，因性別、國籍等背景變項不同而有顯著差異存在，但不因就讀組別、父母親社經地位或教育程度變項不同而有顯著差異存在。 五、高中生的幸福感在不同父母教養態度類型上有顯著差異存在，其中以「父母皆是開明權威」類型的高中生幸福感最高。 六、父母教養態度與生涯自我效能間有兩組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 七、生涯自我效能與高中生幸福感間有一組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 八、父母教養態度與高中生幸福感間有一組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 九、高中生的生涯自我效能與父母教養態度對幸福感有顯著影響力，其中以母親教養態度中的「反應程度」和生涯自我效能中的「解決問題」，皆對於其「整體幸福感」、「心理幸福感」、「社會幸福感」與「情緒幸福感」具有影響力。

最後，研究者依據本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議以做為高中生生涯輔導工作及未來研究之參考。

關鍵字：幸福感、生涯自我效能、父母教養態度The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and relationships among well-being, career self-efficacy and parents’ rearing attitudes of senior-high school students in terms of their different backgrounds. The sample consisted of 474 2nd grade students from National Overseas Chinese Experimental Senior High Schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The instruments used in this study included Well-Being Scales, Parents’ Rearing Attitudes Scale and Career Self-Efficacy Scale. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The main findings were as follows： 1.The overall and individual levels from Parents’Rearing Attitudes Scale and Career Self-Efficacy Scale for sampling students were rated as average or better. The well-being of sampling students trends positive. 2.The parents’rearing attitudes of senior-high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender, nationalities, and father’s social status. 3.The career self-efficacy of senior-high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender, academic groups, nationalities, and father’s social status, but not mother's social status. 4.The happiness of senior-high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender and nationalities, but not of academic groups, and father and mother’s social status. 5.The happiness of senior-high-school students varied significantly in terms of different parents’rearing attitudes. The happiness of senior-high-school students score highest on “Parents both Enlightened Authority” types. 6.The canonical correlation between parents’ rearing attitudes and career self-efficacy was significant. 7.The canonical correlation between career self-efficacy and happiness of s enior-high-school students was significant. 8.The canonical correlation between parents’rearing attitudes and happiness of senior-high-school students was significant. 9.The predictabilities of parents’ rearing attitudes and career self-efficacy on happiness of senior-high-school students were significant. Among which the “Mother's Response”, and “Problem Solving” are the most predictable. According to the findings above, this study provides some suggestions to parents, senior-high school teachers, counselors and further researches.

Key words:Well-being、career self-efficacy、parents' rearing attitudes