高中職學生親職化、自我分化與身心健康之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在發展中文版之親職化量表以及探討不同背景變項之高中職學生的親職化表現、自我分化程度、身心健康指標三者之間的關係。本研究採叢集抽樣將臺灣分為台北市、高雄市、北區、中區、南區、東區抽樣高一高二學生為研究對象，共計423名。本研究採問卷調查法進行資料收集，所使用研究工具包括「親職化量表」、「自我分化量表」與「一般健康量表」。調查所得資料分別以多變項變異數分析及典型相關分析之統計方法進行處理。本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同性別之高中職學生的親職化表現沒有不同。不同出生序之高中職學生的親職化表現不同，主要表現在「功能性照顧」。不同父母婚姻狀況之高中職學生的親職化表現不同，主要表現在「不公平性」。

二、高中職學生的親職化表現與身心健康指標之間有三個關係組型存在。包含：個體近似親職化表現的越多，則其身心狀況就越不健康；個體情感性照顧多，而較少不公平感受時，則其焦慮、睡眠問題及社會行為功能問題稍多，但較少憂鬱；個體功能性照顧較多時，則其身體症狀、睡眠狀況與焦慮較多，但較少社會功能障礙與憂鬱。

三、高中職學生的親職化表現與自我分化程度之間有二個關係組型存在。包含：個體情緒照顧多，而較少不公平感受時，則其越因為父母改變自己、和父母關係較親密，但較不涉入三角關係；個體情感性照顧與不公平感受越多時，則其與父母之間越混淆、越涉入三角關係，但和同儕關係越好。

四、高中職學生的自我分化程度與身心健康指標之間有二個關係組型存在。包含：個體自我分化程度越高，則其身心健康狀況越佳；個體越涉入三角關係，和同儕越親密，則其身體症狀、焦慮與睡眠問題、與有社會功能障礙皆越多。

五、高中職學生的親職化表現、自我分化程度與身心健康指標之間有二個關係組型存在。包含：個體的親職化表現越低、自我分化程度越高，則其身心健康狀況越好；個體的情緒性照顧越高，和父母與同儕越親密時，則其生理、焦慮、睡眠問題、及社會功能障礙越多，但憂鬱較少。

最後，研究者根據本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議，以應用在諮商輔導與親職教育方面，並作為未來研究之參考。The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument measuring parentification in Chinese and to investigate the relationships among parentification, self-differentiation, and health for students in senior high and vocational high schools in Taiwan. The samples are comprised of 423 students from six areas across Taiwan. Instruments used in this study were “Parentification Scale”, “Self-Differentiation Questionnaire”, and “General Health Scale”. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by MANOVAs and canonical correlation analysis. The main findings are as follows:

1. Group differences on parentification No significant gender difference of parentification was found in the study. There was significant difference in “instrumental caregiving” among groups of birth order. “Unfairness” was found significant difference among students from different parental marital status.

2. Correlation between parentification and health Parentification is significantly correlated with health. Three canonical correlation structures between parentification and health were found. The major one is that the students exposed more in parentification situation showed worse health.

3. Correlation between parentification and self-differentiation Parentification is significantly associated with self-differentiation. Two canonical correlation structures between parentification and self-differentiation were found. The major one is that the students experienced emotional caregiving more, and unfairness less, showed more intergenerational fusion and intergenerational intimacy, less intergenerational triangulation.

4. Correlation between self-differentiation and health There is significant correlation between self-differentiation and health. There are two canonical correlation structures. In general, the students who experienced self-differentiation more showed better health.

5. Correlation among parentification, self-differentiation and health Parentification, self-differentiation are significantly correlated with health. There are two canonical correlation structures. In general, the students who experienced less parentification and more self-differentiation showed more positive health.

Finally, based on the results, implications of the study for counseling and parent education as well as suggestions for future research are proposed.