新北市公共托育中心推動與運作之研究

Abstract

台灣社會目前面臨少子化及高齡化的現象，因而造成人口結構的改變；政府相關單位提出一些政策來因應低出生率的時代，其中又以推動托育公共化為主要的策略。本研究係以倡導托育公共化的學者、執行公共托育中心的業者及使用托育公共托育中心的家長對新北市公共托育中心推動與運作之研究，以達到本研究之目的。 本研究採用質性研究取向。研究場域從新北市的26家公共托育中心當中，找出以捷運共構回饋空間所成立的公共托育中心的業者及使用的家長和參與公共托育推動的學者，在此場域中以立意取樣選取五位研究個案。透過深度訪談方式蒐集資料，將其訪談資料謄寫逐字稿後整理並予以分析；分別分析倡導公托的學者、執行公托的業者及使用公托家長對於新北市托育公共化制度施行的理念、制度與困境的看法，據以提出以下的主要研究結論： (1)對於托育公共化理念認知不一包含：(a)學者期待托育公共化提高生育率、(b)業者認為托育公共化僅為原托育擴大服務福利政策及(c)家長對托育公共化無正確認知僅視為兌現政治承諾。 (2)對於托育公共化制度的看法：(a)學者認為背離理想托育公共化方向、(b)業者認為長期低價收費將影響服務品質、(c)家長滿意服務內涵、(d)業者及家長認為對生育率無加分作用以及(e)健全托育制度會提高婦女就業率。 (3)對於托育公共化困境的看法：(a)學者認為資源分配不均，需重新調整、(b)業者認為經費來源不足，營運成本高及(c)家長認為無長期規畫容易陷入經費不足窘境。最後根據研究結論提出本研究建議。Taiwanese society is faced with declining birthrate and aging phenomena, resulting in changes in the population structure; some policy proposed by government units to response to the era of low birth rate, which especially went public to promote childcare as the main strategy. The aim of this study was explore the promotion and operation of public daycare centers of New Taipei City in Taiwan by interview the scholar of advocacy the policy of public daycare, the enterprise and parent of public daycare center. This study used qualitative research orientation. The research field was constructed from 26 public daycare centers of New Taipei City in Taiwan, to find out the enterprise of public daycare center and the parent of children within the centers as where they were all the same formed at the MRT altogether construct feedback space, as well as the scholar who involved in promoting the public childcare, in order to select five case study in this field with purposive sampling. Through the depth interviews to collect data, the interviews transcribed verbatim after finished and analyzed. According to the viewpoints of scholar, enterprise and parent on the philosophy, system, and comments of plight in public childcare centers, the main conclusion of this study was formed. Conclusion the account: Firstly, some facts were manifested without consistent cognition of the public oriented system in childcare purposes being fulfilled. (a) Scholar, looking forward to public institution in fulfillment on the childcare may boost birth rates. (b) Enterprise, childcare in public oriented services is only the original nursery to expand in public welfare policy. (c) There was no correct cognition in childcare of public oriented as only a political commitment for the parent. Secondly, view of childcare connotation of public service shows: (a) A departure occurred from the direction of ideal childcare of public oriented by scholar. (b) Low tuition in long term will affect the quality of service by enterprise. (c) The connotation of the service is being satisfied by the parent. (d) No positive effects were showed on fertility rate by the enterprise and parent. (e) Complete childcare system will improve the employment rate of women. Thirdly, views of the plight of childcare of public oriented: (a) Unequal distribution of resources, and needed to readjust by the scholar. (b) Lack of funding and high operating costs by the enterprise. (c) No long-term planning is easy to fall into underfunded as embarrassing situation of lack of funds by the parent. Finally, this study makes suggestions according to the research conclusion.