非同步網路合作學習對家電實習與電儀表實驗學習成效之影響

Abstract

本研究旨在探討非同步網路合作學習對家電實習與電儀表實驗學習成效之影響。研究對象選擇技專校院五專部三年級學生，包括控制組51人，實驗組48人，分別施予傳統與非同步網路合作學習教學。最後再根據認知成就測驗、實作檢定與實習實驗報告成績比較實驗組與控制組的學習成效是否有差異？此外，並依先備知能進行差異性比較。同時探討學習風格是否影響學習成效？繼則探究電腦素養與實習實驗學習成效間相關聯的程度。最後再進行教學診斷，開立教學處方。研究結果經平均數、標準差、單因子共變數分析、薛費氏法、二因子變異數分析、積差相關等統計方法處理分析，得到的研究結論如下： 一、非同步網路合作學習對家電實習與電儀表實驗的學習影響很大。實驗組學生除了在量化學習成效明顯優於控制組外，還可發現原本在傳統教學中須花很多時間才能釐清的難題，透過非同步網路合作學習，在短時間內即可迎刃而解。此外亦發現，實驗組學生的人文氣質也很明顯的提升許多。 二、非同步網路合作學習教學，可以緩和因學習風格之不同所造成的學習成效差異現象。另外亦可看出發散者對家電實習與電儀表實驗的學習成效很明顯的比其他類型的學習者差。 三、除了電儀表實作檢定外，學習風格不同者大部分不會因教學法之不同，而使其在家電實習與電儀表實驗課程的學習成效上產生明顯的差異現象。 四、先備知能不同的高、中、低分組學生，其家電實習與電儀表實驗的學習成效，大部分都會因接受不同的教學法而產生顯著性之差異。然而高分組學生在家電認知、電儀表實作檢定；低分組學生在家電實習與電儀表實驗認知成就表現上，均不會因教學法之不同而產生顯著性之差異。 五、學習者的電腦素養與家電實習及電儀表實驗的學習成效具有極為顯著的正相關係數；家電實習與電儀表實驗的學習成效間也呈現極為顯著的關聯程度；此外在實習實驗的認知成就、實作檢定、實習實驗報告成績間的正相關係數也達到極為顯著的水準。 六、在非同步網路合作學習的歷程中可以發現，學生在下列的知能與技巧有顯著的進步。包括：打字速度與網路使用技巧、口語發表與書面寫作、團隊紀律與合作默契、環保意識、溝通協調、與他人共事及達成任務、了解群我倫理與人際關係、耐心傾聽與尊重別人、寬容他人與自我檢討、邏輯思維、勤於閱讀與尋求真理、追根究柢與洞察真相、解難與下決策、理論與實務結合的融通能力、與外在世界聯繫的技巧、操作儀器設備及檢修家電的知能等等。 根據研究結果，提出下列建議供教育當局、學界與後續研究之參考： 一、可結合工業設計、企業管理、機械與電機工程科系的師生進行跨科系的大型專題製作計畫，量身訂做，開發符合各科系學生需求的教學網站與網路課程。 二、建議教育當局或相關單位能製作網路合作學習歷程的教學影片，供觀摩運用。 三、應加強校園區域網路與國家整體網路建設，並做好校園網路管理工作，有效解決網路塞車與中毒現象，始能改善網路教學品質，提昇學習成效。 四、教育當局宜指定相關之大專校院，每年輪流舉辦合作學習教學研討會或工作坊，讓專家、學者、教師齊聚一堂交換教學新知，並分享合作學習教學經驗與心得。 五、利用非同步網路合作學習教學為自變項，邏輯數學、視覺空間與肢體動覺能力為中介變項，分別探討其對實習實驗學習成效之影響。 六、選定特殊研究對象，如實作檢定表現很傑出，認知成就與實驗報告寫作均乏善可陳的學生，以質化研究為主軸，分別以個案或俗民誌法，探討其學習特質、智能結構及學習歷程的反應速度與互動狀況，同時深入研究其更深一層的合作學習行為。

The study aims at researching the impacts of asynchronous network collaborative learning on learning effects of electric home appliances practice and electronic instrumentation and measurement experiments. The objects of study are selected from the third grade students of junior colleges from different technical colleges and polytechnic universities, including 51 students in the control group and 48 students in the experimental group. They were given traditional teaching method and asynchronous network collaborative learning education, respectively. Subsequently, both experimental and control groups were given cognitive achievement tests and lab skill accreditation; their test results and practical experimental reports were provided for comparison to see if the learning effects of both groups differ from each other. In addition, both groups were carried out the comparison of their prior knowledge. The study simultaneously researches if the factor of learning style has the influence on learning effect. Moreover, the study researches the relation between the computer literacy and the learning effects of practice and experiments. In the end, the study made teaching diagnosis and provided suggestions for teaching. The study applied various statistics methods, including mean, standard deviation, one-way ANCOVA, Scheff’e method, two-way ANOVA and product-moment correlation to come out the following results, A. Asynchronous network collaborative learning has a great influence on electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques. We found that the students in the experimental group have better performance than students in the control group with regard to quantitative results of the learning effect. In addition, some difficult problems that need a lot of time to clarify and solve under the traditional teaching method can be readily solved in a short time under asynchronous network collaborative learning. The study also found that cultural quality and temperament of the students in the experimental group are obviously heightened. B. Asynchronous network cooperative learning education can alleviate the learning effect differences resulting from different learning styles. In addition, it is obvious that the learning effects of divergers on electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques are poor than other types of learners. C. Excepting for lab skill accreditation on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques, most of the students with different learning styles do not have obvious and different learning effects on electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques owing to different teaching methods. D. Students were divided into groups of high, average and low degrees based on their prior knowledge; their learning effects of electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques are respectively and apparently different under different teaching method. However, students in high prior knowledge group have no obvious performance difference with regard to electric home appliances cognition and lab skill accreditation on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques by applying different teaching methods. Students in low prior knowledge group have no obvious performance difference with regard to electric home appliances practice and experimental cognitive achievement of electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques. E. A learner’s computer literacy and the learning effect of electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques indicated significantly positive correlation; the learning effects between electric home appliances practice and experiments on electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques also indicated significantly positive correlation; moreover, the results of cognitive achievement lab skill accreditation, student reports of practical experiments indicated significantly positive correlation. F. The study also found that students under asynchronous network collaborative learning education have apparent progress towards the following knowledge and skills, including typing speed, internet browsing skill, spoken and written expression, team disciplines and tacit agreement of collaborative, environmental consciousness, communication and coordination, team work, mission achievement, humanism ethics, interpersonal relationship, listening, esteem, tolerance, self-review, logic thinking, reading, truth seeking, thorough inquiry, insight ability, problem-solving, decision-making, ability in integrating theory and practical affairs, liaison, equipment operations and troubleshooting of electric home appliances, etc. According to the study results, we propose the following suggestions as reference for relevant education authorities, the academic circle and follow-up researches: 1. Combining teachers and students at departments of industrial design, business administration, machinery and electrical engineering to carry out large-scale and tailor-made collaborative project(s) on teaching websites and network courses in conformity with requirements of students at different departments. 2. Providing suggestions for relevant education authorities or units to make videos of network collaborative learning process for emulation and application. 3. Reinforcing campus local network and national comprehensive network constructions, carrying out campus network administration and effectively solving traffic jam on the net and virus problems to improve the learning effects of students on web-based teaching quality. 4. The education authorities should assign relevant colleges and universities to carry out annual collaborative learning and teaching seminar in turn, so as to provide opportunities for specialists, scholars and teachers to gather together for exchanging teaching information and sharing experience in collaborative learning and teaching. 5. Using asynchronous network cooperative learning education as independent variable, adding to the factors of logical-mathematic, visual space and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence as intervening variables, to respectively research their influences on the learning effect of practical experiments. 6. Researching the learning characteristics, intelligent structure and response speed and interaction of learning process of special students, who have good performance of lab skill accreditation with unusual results of cognitive achievement and experimental reports, based on qualitative study by applying case study or ethnographic study; studying their collaborative learning behaviors.