同儕對高中生利社會行為之影響：以同理心、友誼特性與同儕相似性為調節角色

Abstract

本研究主要目的欲了解同儕對於高中生之利社會行為的影響，探討高中生好友們利社會行為與其自身利社會行為之間的關係，利社會行為包含三種行為表現，即：關懷、助人、合作行為，同時，以高中生本身同理心（同理關懷、觀點取替）、同儕間友誼特性（友誼品質、互動頻率、友誼持續度）及同儕相似性（社交地位相似性、休閒活動參與相似性），進一步探討同儕利社會行為與自身利社會行為之關係是否具有影響效果。本研究對象為台灣北部地區公立高中一、二年級502位學生（男259人，女243人，平均年齡15.9歲）。使用「利社會行為問卷－同儕提名」、「好朋友提名問卷」、「同理心量表」、「友誼特性量表」、「社交計量問卷－同儕提名」、「休閒活動問卷」等研究工具，分別測量高中生利社會行為、同儕利社會行為、高中生同理心能力、友誼特性、高中生社交地位及活動參與類型。主要研究結果整理如下： 1.同儕利社會行為對於自身利社會行為具有顯著預測力。 2.同理心對同儕利社會行為與自身利社會行為之關係具有調節效果。 3.友誼特性（友誼品質、互動頻率與友誼持續度）對同儕利社會行為與自身利社會行為之關係皆未達顯著調節效果。 4.同儕相似性（社交地位相似性、休閒活動參與相似性）對同儕利社會行為與自身利社會行為之關係皆未達顯著調節效果。The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between close friends’ prosocial behavior and adolescents’ prosocial behavior. Three types of behavior representing prosocial behavior were included in this study, i.e., concern, helping, and cooperation. The moderating role of adolescents’ empathy, friendship features, and peer similarity in the relationship between close friends’ prosocial behavior and adolescents’ prosocial behavior was examined. Participants of this study were 502 adolescents (259 boys and 243 girls, mean age = 15.9 years old) in senior high school of three areas in northern Taiwan. Adolescents’ prosocial behavior was assessed by peer nominations. Nominating three close friends were averaged reflect peer influence. The“Prosocial Behavior Nominate Questionnaire”, “Close Friends Nominate Questionnaire”, “The Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory”, “Friendship Features Scale”, “Sociometric Status Nominate Questionnaire”, and “Activity Participation Questionnaire” were used. The main findings were as follows: 1.Close friends’ prosocial behavior significantly predicted adolescents’ prosocial behavior. 2.There were significant in the relationship between close friends’ prosocial behavior and adolescents’ prosocial behavior by adolescents’ empathy. 3.There were no significant in the relationship between close friends’ prosocial behavior and adolescents’ prosocial behavior by friendship features（including friendship quality, interaction frequency, and friendship duration）. 4.There were no significant in the relationship between close friends’ prosocial behavior and adolescents’ prosocial behavior by peer similarity（ie. sociometric status similarity, and activity participation similarity）.