地方政府教育課責系統之研究--以臺北縣活化課程為例

Abstract

近年來受新右派主義與新公共管理思潮的影響下，地方治理的運作納入了績效與回應性等觀念，公部門必須藉由課責系統，才能彌補傳統官僚組織所欠缺的高績效及高標準的服務品質。本研究旨在探討地方教育課責系統中，各課責機制之課責途徑與效果，及影響之相關因素。 本研究先探討地方政府課責之意涵、理論基礎及類型，歸納出我國地方政府課責的五大機制－層級課責、法律課責、政治課責、專業課責、社會課責，據以建構出我國教育課責系統之架構。再採個案研究法，選擇「臺北縣活化課程」作為政策個案，運用文件分析法與訪談法蒐集實徵資料。 研究結果發現，層級課責缺乏強制力成效不彰、法律課責以經費掌控為主政治性強、政治課責具影響力但與選舉連結有限、專業課責受文化因素影響並不顯著、社會課責力道強但淪為利益團體把持。此外，在課責系統之運作上，可以發覺各課責機制之間，存在相互連結與衝突之現象，以及政治力量介入之情形。最後，依據研究結論，提出強化教育課責系統及後續研究之建議。

In recent years, with streams of “The New Right” and “New Public Management”, the operation of local governance has integrated ideas of effectiveness and answerability. By means of the accountability system, bureaucrats can achieve high effectiveness and high quality of service. The purpose of this study is to investigate the accountability approaches and effects of each accountability mechanism, and the factors involved in the operation of educational accountability system. This research reviews definitions, rationale and the types of local government accountability, and induces five accountability mechanisms - hierarchical accountability, legal accountability, political accountability, professional accountability, and social accountability, which constitute an educational accountability system. Using case study , this study selects “Taipei County Language Enrichment Curriculum” as policy case, and using document analysis and interviews to gather empirical data. The research findings show that hierarchical accountability lacks coercive power and becomes weakness , legal accountability focus on financial control but easily be political intervened, political accountability affects but connects to election indirectly , professional accountability is unapparent for cultural reasons, social accountability is vigorous but dominated by interest groups. Moreover, there are linkages and conflicts between different accountability mechanisms and generally political factors involved. Eventually, this study provides several suggestions to strengthen local educational accountability system and to following researches.