中德網路新聞語篇標記研究與閱讀教學建議

Abstract

根據英國牛津大學數位報告（Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism），網路新聞已成為現代人獲得資訊的主要來源，若網路新聞成為課堂閱讀教材，不僅能讓學生所學內容增添社會時事性、趣味性，也同時能增進其閱讀能力。過去針對提升新聞閱讀的研究，建議教師教導學生語篇結構或後設論述標記（Metadiscourse），讓學生進而理解文章內容和作者意圖（徐捷、黃川，2015；Camiciottoli, 2003; Jalilifar& Alipour, 2007），然過去研究不同語言間的對比及在教學應用研究仍有所不足，因此本研究以2019年臺灣與德國新聞網站社會新聞作為研究樣本，選取共200篇報導，分析中、德文網路社會新聞語篇結構成分、語篇中後設論述標記之出現頻率和語言表現並比較其異同，最後將結果應用於新聞閱讀教學課中。 研究結果顯示，中德文網路新聞語篇中皆有「標題」、「事件」、「背景」和「評析」結構要素，「標題」、「事件」為兩類語言最重要要素，中文新聞「背景」、「評析」要素頻率相同，德文新聞則更重「背景」要素。中德文網路新聞皆偏好使用交互式標記連貫語篇邏輯，兩類語言最大不同在互動式標記的使用，中文使用互動式標記的頻率較高，尤其是用態度標記在「標題」、「事件」要素中表達記者態度引起讀者共鳴，德文記者偏好在「事件」要素中用強調或模糊標記表達對事件的確定性或展現客觀態度。 綜上所述，語篇結構與後設論述標記的關係緊密，語篇結構影響標記使用，標記幫助語篇結構發揮功能。本研究將結果應用於中文新聞閱讀教學設計上，讓學生有意識地學習語篇結構要素和後設論述標記知識，進而了解作者寫作技巧並提升其閱讀能力。

According to a Digital News Report from the Reuters Institute, online news has become the main source of information for people nowadays. If online news can be used as material in Chinese news reading classes, then students can learn some current issues, interesting topics, and improve their reading ability. Previous research has recommended that teachers instruct students on the discourse structures of news articles and metadiscourse markers so that students can better understand the content of an article and the author’s intentions. (Xu& Huang, 2015; Camiciottoli, 2003; Jalilifar & Alipour, 2007). However, little research has focused on making comparisons between online news in different languages. Additionally, research on instructional techniques regarding discourse structure and metadiscourse is rare. This study, therefore, analyze online news regarding social issues in Chinese and German. The corpus used in this research consisted of 200 online news articles collected from Taiwanese and German online news websites during 2019. The discoure structures used in these articles, and the usage frequencies of metadiscourse markers in the texts were then compared to identify similarities and differences. Results from this research can then be applied to Chinese news reading classes.

The corpus used in this research consisted of 200 online news articles collected from Taiwanese and German online news websites during 2019, 100 for each language. The results show that there are structural elements of"title," "event," "background," and "comment" in both Chinese and German online news articles. "Headline" and "event" are the most important elements in articles from both languages. However, while "background" and "comment" appear with nearly the same frequency in the Chinese articles, the "background" element appears more frequently in German articles. Both Chinese and German online news prefer to use interactive metadiscourse markers to assist the reader with understanding the article’s structure and to give context. In addition, regarding interactive metadiscourse markers, there is a difference in usage between these two languages. Chinese articles employ interactional metadiscourse markers more frequently, especially using attitude markers in the"title" and "event" elements to express the reporters’ attitudes and to resonate with their readers. German reporters prefer to use booster or hedge markers in the "event" element to express certainty or show an objective attitude towards the event.

To conclude, discourse structure and metadiscourse markers are closely related. Discourse structure influences the use of metadiscourse markers, and metadiscourse markers help the discourse structure to function effectively. Through this research, these results can be applied to the design of Chinese news reading classes for more effective instruction. The students can learn about structural elements and metadiscourse markers of online news. This will help them better understand the author’s writing style, and improve their reading comprehension.