國小教師甄試應徵者印象管理策略對面談結果之影響

Abstract

摘 要

本研究之主要目的，在於探討印象管理策略的基本概念與實施歷程，並透過調查研究與訪談討論，瞭解國小教師甄試應徵者採行印象管理策略的情況，及其對面談結果的影響，最後根據研究結論，提出實施或改善教師甄試面談的建議。 為達成上述目的，本研究兼採文獻分析、問卷調查以及訪談調查三種研究方法。首先，透過文獻分析，探討印象管理策略的基本概念與實施歷程，以瞭解印象管理的意義、功能、理論，並探究印象管理策略的原則及其和面談結果之間的相關研究；其次，根據文獻探討之結果，編製「教師甄試應徵者印象管理策略對面談結果影響調查問卷」，進行調查研究，藉以瞭解國小教師甄試應徵者採行印象管理策略的情況，及其對面談結果影響之意見。最後，根據研究結論，提出具體建議。 本研究之調查與訪談對象為國民小學之教育人員。在調查研究部份共抽出99所學校，發出問卷825份，實得有效問卷650份，問卷資料處理採SPSS for Windows 11.5統計套裝軟體進行統計分析。 綜合文獻探討、問卷調查以及訪談調查所得之資料，得到以下結論： 一、印象管理策略在國小教師甄試面談的使用情況為普遍程度，依序為資料佐證 、非語言、外表修飾、語言等策略。 二、國小教師甄試面談中最常使用的印象管理策略具體作法：語言策略是肯定自己，非語言策略是面部神態，外表修飾策略是打扮修飾，資料佐證策略是教學實物作品。 三、國小教師甄試面談屬於非常重要程度的印象管理原則有：應答切題、凝神傾聽、充滿自信愉快、舉止從容不迫等四項。 四、印象管理原則在理論看法與實際做到之間有差異。目前做到情況為大部份做到，但仍未達完全做到程度。 五、印象管理策略對國小教師甄試面談結果的影響為有影響程度，依序為非語言 、資料佐證、外表修飾、語言等策略。 六、國小教師甄試面談中影響效果最大的印象管理策略具體作法：語言策略是肯定自己，非語言策略是面部神態，外表修飾策略是打扮修飾，資料佐證策略是技能證照。 七、不同背景填答者，對印象管理策略在國小教師甄試面談的使用情況看法大同 小異，均認為是普遍程度。整體而言以是否曾擔任甄選委員的意見差異較大。 八、不同背景填答者，對印象管理策略在國小教師甄試面談的影響效果看法大同小異，均認為是有影響程度。整體而言以不同學校地點的意見差異較大。

依據研究結論以及研究者之意見，對國小教師甄試面談提出實施與改善之建議： 一、對參與教師甄試面談的應徵者之建議 （一）宜加強對個人印象管理策略的瞭解，並加以運用。 （二）宜加強對個人印象管理策略具體作法的熟悉，並於面談時適當運用。 （三）宜加強對印象管理原則的認知與掌握，以備在教師甄選面談時使用。 （四）應徵者應落實印象管理原則於教師甄選面談時妥善運用。 （五）應徵者應儲備印象管理策略的專業能力，並加強印象管理策略的訓練。 （六）宜落實印象管理策略具體作法在教師甄試面談時的使用，以提昇個人價 值增加錄取機會。 二、對教育行政機關之建議 （一）設立甄選委員的專業訓練機構，提昇甄選面談的品質 （二）檢討相關法令規章，建立良好甄選機制以求較公平的競爭 （三）面對學校自辦甄選應採協助輔導，以利學校整體發展的甄才方向 三、對學校之建議 （一）建立學校甄選委員的專業訓練機制，以提昇甄選面談的品質 （二）提昇自辦甄選方法的公平機制 （三）面對學校自辦甄選，應以學校整體發展為考量

關鍵詞：教師甄選、印象管理、印象管理策略

Abstract

The purposes of the study are: (1) to explore the primary concepts of impression management tactics and its practice,(2) to investigate the current situation of interview of teacher selection in public elementary school,(3) to investigate its influence on teacher selection interview, (4) to conclude the results and offer some suggestions for practicing or improving interview of teacher selection. In order to accomplish the purposes, This research adopts literature research, questionnaire survey, and interview investigations. First, through literature analysis, the study explores the primary concepts of impression management tactics and its practice to understand the meanings, function, relational theories. In addition, it also explores the correlation research of impression management principles between interview. Second, according to the results drawn from the literatures, the researcher develops “ The influences of applicants’ impression management tactics on interview outcomes of teacher selection ’’ used for investigation survey to understand the influence situation and opinions on the interview outcomes of teacher selection in public elementary school. Finally, according to the results, the research provides some substantial suggestions. The subjects of this study are the school staff in public elementary school. A total of 99 schools are randomly selected and questionnaires of 825 copies are dispatched. The effective samples acquired are 650 copies. The data of questionnaire is processed for statistical analysis under the “ SPSS for Windows 11.5 ’’ statistics package software. From the data of literature analysis, questionnaire and interview investigations, the conclusions are as follows : 1.The use of impression management tactics during interview of teacher selection in elementary school are universal degree. The universal degree in order are data evidence, nonverbal behaviors, external dress up, and verbal tactics. 2.The concrete methods of impression management tactics most often used during interview of teacher selection in elementary school are: the verbal tactics is to confirm oneself, the nonverbal behaviors is the facial expression, the external dress up tactics is the appearance decoration, the data evidence tactics is the creations of teaching. 3. The most important impression management principle during interview of teacher selection in elementary school are: in answer to keep to the point, to concentrate one’s attention and listen attentive, full of confidence and delight, to pull down one’s vest. 4. The impression management principle has the difference in theory and practice. The current situation is mostly achievement, but not accomplish it completely. 5.The influences of impression management tactics on the interview outcomes during interview of teacher selection in elementary school are influential degree. The influential degree in order are nonverbal behaviors, data evidence, external dress up, and verbal tactics. 6.The concrete methods of impression management tactics had greatest effects on the interview outcomes during interview of teacher selection in elementary school : the verbal tactics is to confirms oneself, the nonverbal behaviors is the facial expression, the external dress up tactics is the appearance decoration, the data evidence tactics is the skill credentials. 7. The different background people fills in answering have mostly the same views to the use of impression management tactics during interview of teacher selection in elementary school and consider it is universal degree. The whole to say, whether once hold the committee member of teacher selection have more different opinions. 8. The different background people fills in answering have mostly the same views to the influencesof impression management tactics during interview of teacher selection in elementary school and consider it is influential degree. The whole to say, different school have more different opinions. Based on the research conclusion, the researcher proposes some concrete suggestions to practice and improve the interview of teacher selection in the following: 1.As to the applicants during interview of teacher selection, they should (1) strengthen understanding of individual impression management tactics and put it to good use. (2)be familiar with concrete methods of individual impression management tactics and put it to good use during interview of teacher selection. (3) strengthen and master the knowledge of impression management principles so as to put it to good use during interview of teacher selection. (4)carry out the impression management principle during interview of teacher selection and put it to good use. (5) reserve the professional ability of impression management tactics and strengthen the training of impression management tactics. (6)carry out the concrete methods of impression management tactics during interview of teacher selection so as to enhance personal value. 2.As to the educational authorities, they should (1) establish the professional training mechanism of interviewers of teacher selection so as to enhance the quality of teacher selection. (2)improve the related laws and regulations so as to establish good selection mechanism and fairer competition. (3) provide helps to teacher selection in school so as to help the whole school’s development. 3.As to school, they should (1) establish the professional training mechanism of interviewers of teacher selection so as to enhance the quality of teacher selection. (2) improve the fair mechanism on teacher selection methods in school. (3) take the whole school’s developments as the consideration about teacher selection in school.

Key words: Teacher selection. Impression management. Impression management tactics.