全球華文熱下海外臺校在印尼雅加達及泗水之因應策略

Abstract

印度尼西亞是海外華人最多的國家，伴隨21世紀全球興起的華文熱，曾禁華文長達32年的印尼，因地緣、經貿等因素影響及政府對華語文教育採取開放與鼓勵政策的推動下，也掀起了學習華文的熱潮。本研究即在探討印尼兩所臺校—雅加達臺校和泗水臺校在面對印尼華文熱下的因應策略。 本論文採文獻及檔案分析法、訪談法和問卷調查法進行研究。先透過訪談法確立兩校成立華文教育中心之可行，其次探討印尼地區華文教育的歷史、現況與問題；再分析兩所臺校內部情況，根據SWOT(Strength、Weakness、Opportunity、Threat)分析架構，分別針對雅加達臺校中文班及泗水臺校華語班內部之優勢、劣勢及外部之機會、威脅作分析，然後根據二校SWOT分析結果，進行比對，套入SWOT矩陣中，透過SO、WO、ST、WT之策略組合，以發展兩校成立華語文教育中心之共同策略與個別化策略。 接著，針對研究問題提出以下結論： 一、二所臺校之華語教學應採差異化策略，以教師較擅長的注音符號、正體字進行教學，以減少同質競爭，保持競爭優勢。 二、對於無華文基礎之學生宜採用第二語言教學法，然對於華文已有一定基礎的學生、尤其是具華裔背景者，採用第一語言教學法亦無不妥。 三、為了因應印尼當地華文教學情況，教材最好以注音、正體字為主，另附加簡體字和漢語拼音對照表及英文或印尼文解說，以利學生學習。 最後，本論文分別針對海外臺校經營者、政府主管機關及後續研究者提出中肯之建議。Indonesia has the largest population of overseas Chinese in the world. With the trend of learning Chinese language in 21st century, the Indonesia government recently terminated the policy forbidding Chinese language instruction, which had been carried out for 32 years. Furthermore, owing to the economic and trade effects and the promotion of Chinese education by Indonesia government, Chinese language learning has become a trend in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the corresponding strategy of two Taipei Schools, Jakarta Taipei School and Surabaya Taipei School, to the trend of Chinese language learning. The methods used in this study included document analysis, interviews and questionnaires. First, through interviews, the possibilities of establishing two Chinese language centers in the two Taipei Schools were estimated. Then the history, present condition and problems of Chinese language instruction in Indonesia were investigated and the inner states of two Taipei Schools were analyzed. Based on SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis, the internal advantages and disadvantages and the opportunities and threats from outside of the two Taipei Schools were analyzed. Finally, both common and individual strategies for the two Taipei Schools were designed according to the results from SWOT analysis. The suggestions from this study for the two Taipei Schools are as below. 1. To have a better competitive advantage over other Chinese language schools, the two schools should still teach phonetic symbols and traditional characters, which is different from Chinese language instruction in other schools. 2. For the students without any Chinese language background, teaching Chinese as a second language is more appropriate. However, for the students who have basic Chinese ability, especially overseas Chinese, teaching Chinese as a first language is more workable. 3. To cope with current situation of Chinese instruction in Indonesia, phonetic symbols and traditional characters are recommend to be used as teaching materials. Simplified characters and Hanyu Pinying and English or Indonesian translation can be added as a reference to help the students understand better. Finally, the study provides suggestions to the mangers of overseas Taipei Schools, government agencies and future researchers. Key words: Indonesian trend of learning Chinese language, Jakarta Taipei School, Surabaya Taipei School, SWOT analysis, strategies.